The Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità, ISS) is the main Italian research institute in the biomedical and public health field. It is the technical and scientific body of the Italian National Health Service with the mission of promoting and protecting of national and international public health through research, surveillance, regulation, control, prevention, communication, counselling and training.

The ISS produces knowledge through research and trials the following technical and scientific areas: Cardiovascular, dysmetabolic and ageing-associated diseases; Environment and health; Food safety, nutrition and veterinary public health; Infectious diseases; Neurosciences; Oncology and molecular medicine, Addiction and doping; Animal research and welfare; Chemicals, cosmetics and consumer protection; Clinical excellence, healthcare quality and safety; Control and evaluation of medicines; Disease prevention and health promotion; Drug research and evaluation; Global health; Health technology assessment; HIV/AIDS research; Innovative technologies in public health; Radiation protection and computational physics; Rare diseases; Telemedicine and new health care technologies; Blood; Transplants; Behavioral sciences and mental health; Gender medicine.

ISS is part of the ELIXIR-IT network due to the large expertise gained in the fields of high-performance computing and bioinformatics applied to the analysis of high intensity data, with the mission of promoting and protecting national and international public health through research, surveillance, regulation, control, prevention, communication, counselling and training.